The Red Sea
The Red Sea
Name :
The Red Sea
is a direct translation of the Greek Erythra Thalassa (Ερυθρὰ Θάλασσα) and Latin Mare Rubrum (alternatively Sinus Arabicus, literally
"Arabian Gulf"), Arabic Al-Baḥr Al-Aḥmar (البحر الأحمر) or Baḥr Al-Qalzam(بحر
القلزم), Somali Badda Cas and Tigrinya Qeyyiḥ bāḥrī (ቀይሕ ባሕሪ).
The name of the
sea may reflects the seasonal blooms of the red-coloured Trichodesmium erythraeum near the water's surface.[4] Another hypothesis is that the name is
from the Himyarite, a local group whose own name means red A theory refers the name to the direction South, just as the Black Sea's name may refer to North.
The basis of this theory is that some Asiatic languages used color words to refer to the cardinal directions. It is theorized to be named so because its
borders with the Egyptian Desert, which the ancient Egyptians called the Dashret or "red land"; so it would have been the sea of the red land] The
association of
The Red Sea
The Red Sea
is one of other four seas named in English after common color terms ;the Black Sea, the White Sea and the Yellow Sea. History Ancient
Egyptians were earliest ones to explore
The Red Sea
, as they
attempted to establish commercial routes to Punt. This expedition took place around 2500 BC, and another around 1500 BC. Both involved long voyages down the
Red Sea.[7] History recalls the story of the Israelites' miraculous crossing of a body of water, which the Hebrew text calls Yam Suph. Yam Suph is traditionally
identified as
The Red Sea
. The account is part of the Israelites' escape from slavery in Egypt. Yam Suph can also been translated as Sea of Reeds. In the 6th century BC, Darius the Great of Persia sent great missions to
The Red Sea
,
improving and extending navigation by identify many hazardous rocks and currents. In the late 4th century BC, Alexander the Great sent Greek naval
expeditions down
The Red Sea
to the Indian Ocean. Greek navigators continued to explore and compile data on
The Red Sea
. Romans favored
The Red Sea
for their
trade with India starting with the age of Augustus, when the Roman Empire gained control over the Mediterranean, Egypt, and the northern Red Sea. The
passage had been used by other states but grew in the volume of traffic under the Romans. From Indian ports goods from China were introduced to the Roman
world. Contact between Rome and China depended on
The Red Sea
. Through the
Middle Ages,
The Red Sea
was an important part of the Spice trade route. In 1513, trying to secure that channel to Portugal, Afonso de Albuquerque occupied
Aden.[10] but was forced to retreat. They got through
The Red Sea
inside the
Bab al-Mandab, as the first European fleet to have sailed this waters. In 1798, France ordered General Bonaparte to invade Egypt and take control of
the Red Sea
. Although he failed in his mission, the engineer Jean-Baptiste Lepère, who
took part in it, represented the plan for a canal which had been discussed during the reign of the
Egyptian pharaohs
. Several canals were built in ancient times from the Nile to
The Red Sea
along or near the line of the present Sweet Water Canal, but none lasted for long. The Suez Canal was opened in November 1869. At that time, the British,
French, and Italians shared the control over it . The posts were gradually
dismantled following the First World War. After the Second World War, the
Americans and Soviets extend their influence due to the volume of oil tanker
traffic intensified. However, the Six Day War resulted in the closure of the
Suez Canal from 1967 to 1975. Today, in spite of patrols by the major maritime
fleets in the waters of
The Red Sea
, the Suez Canal has never regained its
supremacy over the Cape route, which is believed to be less vulnerable.
The Red Sea
It is noteworthy that
The Red Sea
Governorate has all the potential and
resources to be one of the world's most attractive tourist spots. Its
fascinating sunny weather, the 24 small islands off its seacoast and the
abundance of coral reef contribute to its charm . Red Sea is the most beautiful
diving areas in the world because of its clear water and multi-colored fishes ,
as well as beautiful coral. At the same time natural battering waves makes the
shores of
The Red Sea
area is ideal for diving. The length is 2,250 km, and the
maximum width is 355 km. The maximum depth is 2,130 metres. To the north,
the Red Sea
connects 
to the Suez Gulf to the west of Sinai, and to the Gulf of Aqaba
to the Suez Gulf to the west of Sinai, and to the Gulf of Aqaba to the east. To the south,
The Red Sea
is connected to the Gulf of Aden, which
is part of the Arabian Sea.
The Red Sea
is part of the Rift Valley, Major Cities
and Towns
Ain Sukhna
Hurghada
Mersa Alam Berenice
Bir Shalatein
Safaga
Suez
El Gouna
Zafarana
Al-Quseir
========================
Location and climate Bathymetric map of the Red
Sea The location
The Red Sea
lies between desert and semi-desert. The essential
reasons for the better development of reef systems along
The Red Sea
is because
of its greater depths and an efficient water circulation pattern,
The Red Sea
exchanges its water with the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean via the Gulf of Aden.
These physical factors reduce the effect of high salinity caused by evaporation
water in the north and relatively hot water in the south. The climate The
climate of
The Red Sea
is the result of two distinct seasons. Monsoon winds take
place because of the differential heating between the land surface and sea. Very
high surface temperatures coupled with high salinities causes this one to be of
the hottest and saltiest bodies of seawater in the world. The average surface
water temperature of
The Red Sea
during the summer is about 26 °C (79 °F) in the
north and 30 °C (86 °F) in the south. The overall average water temperature is
22 °C (72 °F). Despite that extreme heat the coral was healthy with much fish
life with very little sign of coral bleaching, and there were plans to use
samples of these corals' apparently heat-adapted commensal algae to salvage
bleached coral elsewhere The rain over
The Red Sea
and its coasts is extremely
low. The rain is usually as showers of short spells, often associated with
thunderstorms and occasionally with dust storms. The low average of rainfall and
no major source of fresh water to
The Red Sea
causes the excess evaporation as
high as 205 cm (81 in) per year and high salinity with minimal seasonal
variation. Salinity
The Red Sea
is considered one of the most saline bodies of
water in the world, because of high evaporation. Salinity ranges from between
~36 ‰ in the southern part due to the effect of the Gulf of Aden water and
reaches up to 41 ‰ in the northern part, due to the Gulf of Suez water and the
high evaporation. The average salinity is 40 ‰. (Average salinity for the
world's seawater is ~35 ‰.)
Red Sea
Location and Area:
The Red Sea
-1930 Km.-long and 270,000 Km2 - is boarded by
Egypt
, Jordan, Plestin,
Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Ethiopia, Yemen and Djibouti. Mount Sinai, 2285m., is the
highest peak. It is located between latitudes (29.22) and
The Red Sea
coast east length of about (1080 km) and is bounded on the west governorate (Beni
Suef - Minya - Assiut - Qena - Aswan) and from the north and Giza governorates
of Suez and the South Republic of the Sudan –
Climate
A warm, sunny climate throughout the year with low humidity.climate is
equatorial with temperatures between 35 centigrade and 41. Water temperatures
range between 18 and 21 in winter, and 21 and 26.5 in summer. Underwater
visibility is more than 30 meters and diving is possible up to 45 meter's. The
average diving depth, however, ranges between 12 and 25 meter's.
Major cities:
Ras Gharib
-
Hurghada
-
Safaga
–
al qoceerm
-
Marsa Alam Shalatin
Strategic importance:
Returns the strategic importance of the governorate to its influence over the
Red Sea coast and the depth of the Eastern Desert, even the Nile Valley, which
is of strategic importance to Egypt's national security in particular and the
security of the Arab region in general It represents also an outlet for exports
and imports in the provinces of Upper Egypt and the seaport of pilgrims.
Economic Importance:
The most important provinces of Egypt for the mineral wealth because they
contain the vast majority of metallic and nonmetallic materials and ornamental
stones and vary such wealth as follows:
* Oil * copper
* Gold * Alospotows
* Iron * mica
* Marble *aluminum
* Phosphate * sand
* Ornamental stones
Geographical Information Administrative Structure
Centers : 6 cities & 12 villages
Subvillages (Kafr) Area
Governorate area 130,000km2
Percentage to national area 12.44 %
Rank among governorates 3
Population density (Avg.) 1580 persons / km2 Population
Total population 115,000
Male 53.91 %
Female 46.09 %
Percentage to national population 0.19 %
Rank among governorates 26 Agricultural activities
Cultivated area 2442 Feddan
Percentage to national area 0.03%
Area ready for reclamation 320.000 feddans
Percentage to national area 5.64 Industrial activities
Oil - phosphate - fishing - brick factories-fodder factories Tourism
56 hotels
8255 rooms
2,341,906 touristic nights Worship places
128 mosques
2 churches Culture
9 cultural centers
13.000 inhabitants / cultural center Transportation
1954 km. of paved roads Communication
Telephone Lines
17825 telephone lines
Post Offices
18 post offices
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